I found some interesting articles during a literature search on interval training. The most interesting was controlled observations that in type 1 diabetes, a 10 second all-out sprint either at the beginning or end of 20 min moderate exercise reduced hypoglycemia after exercise. The sprint did not prevent blood glucose from dropping during exercise.
Additional tidbits: (1) High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) releases more weight than prolonged low intensity exercise. This may be due to increased adrenaline and its tendency to burn fat. (2) HIIE improves aerobic performance as much as intermediate intensity exercise performed for a much longer time. (3) HIIE improves anaerobic capacity and this does not occur with intermediate intensity exercise.
If you are interested in adding HIIE to your exercise program it would be prudent to work with a trainer who has familiarity with this type of exercise. There are many web sites promoting various HIIE protocols. You want to pick one that has research data to demonstrate its efficacy.
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